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Displaying items by tag: Sigma 33

The successful Sigma 33 White Mischief, based in Dun Laoghaire, has gone on sale through yacht broker Leinster Boats.

Built by Marine Projects, the Sigma 33 has proved to be a popular club and regatta one design well capable of making distant passages to regattas and events. This Sigma 33 is one of the last to be built and has been wintered ashore annually and is, according to the broker, 'the best example'.

The Sigma has proven to be a safe family cruiser with the option of class racing in Irish and UK waters. White Micshief's owner and Afloat's Sailor of the Month for November 2015 has moved on to a new sailing project.

Check out the full advert for the yacht here

Published in Boat Sales
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Multiple champion Tim Goodbody's retirement from the Sigma 33 class was saluted at a packed Royal Irish Yacht Club on Friday night when class captain Paddy Maguire honoured the stalwart with an 'Excellence Award' setting out his achievements over 16 years in the one design keelboat class.

In 1999, Goodbody bought his Sigma 33 White Mischief. He was joined by two of his crew that had sailed with him previously, namely Paul McCarthy and Brendan Farrell and was joined by Patrick Cafferky, Paddy Boyd, David Crawford and Richard Cotton to form the basis of the new crew.

From 1999 to the current season they won the UK National Championships, the Irish Championships and all of the club prizes in Dublin Bay Sailing Club (DBSC). They also achieved podium finishes in many other events. Of all races that Tim and the White Mischief crew competed in, Maguire estimated they won '75% of all races sailed; an extraordinary achievement'.

'This performance record clearly demonstrates an exception level of ability and sailing skills that are so rarely if ever achieved in a One Design Class. More importantly it was achieved on a consistent basis throughout', Maguire told the class.

It is the second honour for Goodbody in as many weeks. Last weekend DBSC honoured the Dun Laoghaire sailor at its prizegiving when it uniquely captured Goodbody, his son and grandchildren all as annual prizewinners in Ireland's biggest sailing league.

86 members were in attendance for the prizegiving including no less than five Commodores and the Chairman of Sigma 33 Class Paul Prentice.

The prizes were awarded to :

White Mischief : Tim Goodbody : Sigma Model : Best of Sigma qualities
Leeuwin: Henry Leonard & Bobby Kerr : Corinthian Qualities
Rupert: Dick & Philip Lovegrove : September Series Winner

Published in Sigma
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This Sigma 33 can be viewed in Dun Laoghaire where she will be lifted for winter storage. Popje is an "in class" Sigma that will make comfortable passage and provide good racing. More details here

Published in Boat Sales
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#dlregatta – The Sigma 33 class has announced its Irish National Championships 2015 will be held in conjunction with Volvo Dun Laoghaire Regatta from 9th to 12th July 2015. The regatta is likely to be the biggest Sigma Class event of 2015, accordiong to class captain Paddy Maguire. 'To date there is a very strong entry of seven visiting crews which with the local fleet brings the total entry so far to 16', he told Afloat.ie. This – to date – is the biggest entry of one design cruisers for the 400–boat biennial regatta.

Published in Sigma

#sigma33 – The Sigma 33 Class on Dublin Bay will race in Cruisers 2 for the first time in 15 years it has been confirmed by Sigma 33 class captain Paddy Maguire.

The Sigma's will receive results in 2015 as one design, IRC and echo which will add a variety to their racing and prove a great challenge for both Sigmas and Cruisers 2 alike.

In November 2014 the Class proposed to DBSC that the Sigma 33 would race in Cruisers 2 for 2015 and this was accepted by DBSC. The reason for the change was to provide a more enjoyable and completive racing by sailing ng against more boats in a bigger fleet. The new Cruisers 2 fleet for 2015 will be one of the biggest keel boat fleets in Dun Laoghaire with approximately 25 Boats.

To compete in 2015 in the Cruisers 2 the Sigma's will have to improve their performance on the water. To this end they have developed a very attractive sailing programme for the season including a Coastal race, Ladies race and a ballet race to name but a few. The new programme of events will be launched this Friday 6th March at the National Yacht Club with a Sailing supper and talk by Prof O'Connell "HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR RESULTS BY 20% in 2015" to a full house.

One of the other big challenges is to increase the number of crew both male and female as part of the process of improving the individual boat performance.

Anyone interested in sailing can obtain the contacts details on the website here 

 

Published in Sigma
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Donald McClaren sailing Sigmatic won the UK Sigma 33 British Championships on the home waters of the Northern Clyde at the weekend (June 21-23) with Dublin Bay's Tim Goodbody fourth overall in the 18–boat fleet at Helensburgh, Scotland.

Ten races were sailed according to the latest (and poorly presented) results on the Helensburgh Sailing Club website here

Three local Bangor boats, joined 15 others from all over the United Kingdom and Ireland for the Sigma 33 OOD Class Championships in Helensburgh, Scotland from 21-23 June. The boats and crews were treated to incredibly tight racing in the full range of Scottish summer weather; flat calms and scorching sun to driving rain and screaming winds! All spliced together with a warm and sociable welcome from Helensburgh Sailing Club and the Sigma fleet. The members of both former and latter enjoying much discussion of the new trial sails, with both results and conjecture indicating it's the crews not the sails that make the difference.

Despite the changeable weather, all ten races were completed and following the successes of the Royal Ulster/ Ballyholme fleet at the Irish Championships all three crews put in strong performances. Sula (D&E Taylor and crew), showed fantastic speed through out the event but suffered at the hands of some unfortunate start line incidents. Despite this they fought back to record multiple top 5 results and win the Silver fleet. Cariad (G Bell and crew), showed why they are never far off the pace at any event and at times were resurgent right at the front of the fleet fighting it out for line honours finishing a credible 7th overall. They were beaten only by local boats savvy to the complex tides of the race area, ten times Irish Champions White Mischief (T Goodbody and crew) from Dublin and newly crowned Irish Champions for 2013, Squawk (P&E Prentice and crew.) Squawk had a consistent regatta collecting multiple top 3 results, including two race wins. Leading by one point going into the last race fell at the final hurdle to finish 3rd Overall, drawn down the fleet by a single result in double figures.

The reigning Class Champion Sigmatic (D Mclaren and crew) won the event with as much flare and passion as they put into organising it. Whilst another boat local to Helensburgh, Close Encounters (G Whyte and crew) sailed a phenomenally consistent event to finish second just two point adrift.

1st Sigmatic (D McClaren and crew), 2nd Close Encounters (G Whyte and crew), 3rd Squawk (P Prentice and crew), 4th White Mischief (T Goodbody and crew), 5th Leaky Roof II (A Harper and crew). The class looks forward to joining South Caernarvonshire Yacht Club, Abersoch in June 2014 for the next class championship.

A fortnight ago, Dublin Bay's only entrant in the Royal Ulster YC hosted Irish Sigma 33 Championships in Bangor from 7th–9th June 2013 was past champion, Goodbody.

The White Mischief crew from the Royal Irish YC crew were fourth from a disappointing turnout of eight boats for the ten race series.

The Irish championships was won by Royal Ulster's Squawk sailed by Paul Prentice and followed by Elaine and David Taylor's Sula. Third was Signet of Kip (P Martin) from Strangford.

Full results here

 

Published in Sigma
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#sigma33 – Not even a judge from the 'Dragon's Den' TV show could stop a Scottish crew from claiming the class Sigma 33 title on Dublin Bay at the weekend. SCROLL DOWN FOR FULL RESULTS SHEETS AND PHOTOS BELOW.

Sailed in a range of both heavy and light conditions defending champion (and the championship host) Tim Goodbody of the Royal Irish Yacht Club lost his title but finished top Dublin Bay boat in third place as Clyde visitor Donald McLaren's Sigma 33 'Sigmatic' emerged as the clear winner.

Fifty knot gusts cancelled Friday's opening two races but Race officer Brian Mathews completed the schedule by setting four races still in blustery conditions on Saturday. A further three races were held yesterday.

Regular Sigma 33 sailor Bobby Kerr, a judge on the TV Business show Dragon's Den, was one of 24 boats competing in what was the biggest Sigma 33 event for a decade.

'Leaky Roof', Alan Harper also from the Clyde was second.

sigmatic

The overall winner Sigmatic

Goodbody's White Mischief also won the Irish Sigma Championships with Sula from Bangor in second place.

Sunday dawned a lovely clear day with steady westerly winds of 15 knots gusting 20 making a difficult choice as the whether a No 1 or No 2 was the correct headsail choice with the fleet evenly divided.

bobbykerr

TV's Dragon's Den and Sigma sailor Bobby Kerr in action at the Sigma 33 Nationals on Dublin Bay. Photo: Afloat.ie

Race Officer Jack Roy set perfect starting lines of the correct length with a first windward leg of 1.3 miles and so the faster yachts had time to benefit from any speed advantage and they came to the front consistently. Most results came down to establishing an overlap at the last leeward mark with the top 5 or 6 boats crossing the finishing line closely packed followed by the rest of the fleet competing for their places.

The "Silver" fleet was won by Dick Lovegrove's Rupert with Dermot Clarke and Paddy Maguire's Gwilli Two in second place.

This was a competitive weekend's racing in Dublin Bay and the willingness of competitors to take penalty turns demonstrated a knowledge of the rules and desire to abide by them. This all added to achieving a competitive and friendly regatta which was enjoyed by all.

A gallery of photos from Saturday afternoon's Sigma action is below

Published in Sigma
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#sigma33 – The Sigma 33 class has attracted the highest entry for over a decade for it's national championships on Dublin Bay at the weekend with competitors arriving from across the Irish sea from Scotland, Belfast Lough, Strangford Lough, Liverpool, Abersoch, Plymouth, Kinsale as well as a strong local DBSC contingent.

(Post regatta results, report and photos here)

The Royal Irish Yacht Club (RIYC) is hosting the 20-boat event from Friday through to Sunday.

This strong entry underlines the popularity of this seaworthy One Design offshore racing yacht which enjoys strong one design racing in so many centres as well as being very competitive under IRC.

The Championship offers competitors a choice of windward leeward, Olympic type and "round the cans" courses in Dublin Bay under the expert guidance of Principal Race Officer Jack Roy who will be setting courses at the Olympic Games in Weymouth next month.

The defending Class and Irish Champion is Tim Goodbody's White Mischief and they can expect strong competition from previous Champions such as Sigmatic from the Clyde as well as from many other visiting and local yachts including the Bay's own Gwilli Two skippered by Paddy Maguire.

Published in Sigma
25th April 2011

ISORA Entry List 2011

Up to 40 yachts form the backbone of the Irish Sea Offshore Racing Association fleet (ISORA).  Although the 2011 entry list (below) shows a large number of Beneteau models it also reveals a wide range of other marques, largely between 30 and 50 foot. Prominent types are J109s, Sigma 33s and a number of Jeanneau yachts too.

ISORA 2011 Racing Fleet

Boat Name Sail no Hull / Mast Col Model
Lancastrian GBR7682T White Starlight
Yahtzee IRL 1068 White/Gold Oceanis 41
Rebellion IRL 6001 Blue/Silver Nicholson 58
Miss Scarlett IRL 4763 White/Gray Sunfast 40.3
Orna IRL532 Blue 40C
Mistral of St Helier K8337 White 3800D
Poppy GBR4183 Red/White Contention 33
Dinah IRL 3508 White/Aluminium Jeanneau
Raging Bull IRL 9666 White/Silver Sigma 400
Tsunami IRL 4007 Grey/Silver First 40.7
GFT Adventurer GBR 23161 White/Silver First 45
Jedi IRL 8088
J109
English Mick GRB 4771R Blue/Silver First 47.7
Galileo IRL1944 Blue First 47.7
Lula Belle IRL3607 White Beneteau 36.7
Finnigans Wake IRL2008 White 37B
Obsession IRL 4513 White/Aluminium Sigma 3300
Katanca IRL 31310 White/Aluminium Elan 31
Just Enough GBR6912T J92
Big Hillie Style IRL 3208 White Sun Fast 3200
Adelie FRA 9631 White/Black First 34.7
Mojito IS 36L White/Aluminium Bavaria
Calypso IRL 5643 White/Silver Oceanis E51
Legally Blonde IRL 3175 Grey/Aluminium Beneteau
GWAWR GRB 8330 White/Aluminium Sigma
First of September IRL 8581 White/Silver First 435
Rollercoaster IRL 9109 White/Aluminium J109
Quite Correct IRL 5405 White/White Jeanneau D5 54
Sarnia IRL 2260 White/Gold 36
Sailing West Intuition GBR 9383R Blue/Aluminium Reflex 38
Sailing West One Life GBR 3708R White/Silver Sunfast 37
Temper Tantrum 6909T White 40
Wennol 3 GBR1347R White/Black First 34.7
African Challenge IRL 2649 White/Silver Fast
Windshift IRL37737 White/Aluminium Sunfast 37
Oystercatcher IRL 1177 White/ Silver Gib'sea 37
Aztec 3 IRL29832 White/Silver A35
Published in ISORA

Dublin Bay Sailing Club's annual Cruiser Challenge for Cruisers 0, 1, 2, Sigma 33 and 31.7’s will be held from 26th-28th August 2011. This year the sailing weekend event is hosted by Dun Laoghaire's National Yacht Club. The notice of race for the event is below:

 

 

The Cruiser Challenge 2011

26th-28th August 2011

PROVISONAL NOTICE OF RACE

Cruisers 0, 1, 2, Sigma 33 and 31.7’s.


1. Organising Authority and Rules

The organising authority is Dublin Bay Sailing Club. The event is governed by the Racing Rules of Sailing and any amendments thereto, IRC, the ECHO handicapping system rules, Sigma 33 class rules, the 31.7 Class Rules, this Notice of Race and the sailing instructions. In the event of a conflict the sailing instructions shall prevail.

2. Schedule of Races

Warning Signals

Race 1 26th August 16:55 hrs. Fixed mark course.

Race 2 27th August 10:45 hrs. Windward/Leeward or Trapezoid type course.

Race 3 ASAP after Race 2 Windward/Leeward or Trapezoid type course

Race 4 28th August 10:45 hrs Windward/Leeward or Trapezoid type course

Race 5 ASAP after Race 4 Fixed mark course

Note: Any of the above courses may be substituted for each other or a course as announced on VHF Channel 74.

3. Racing Area

The racing area will be the waters of Dublin Bay and Killiney Bay - Admiralty Chart 1468.

4. Eligibility

Eligible boats are those the classes which comply with the relevant handicapping system, the one design Sigma 33 rules, the 31.7 class rules and the entry requirements.

5. Classes and Handicap Systems

5.1 Boats will race under IRC, ECHO Handicap System, Sigma 33s and 31.7 classes  will race one design and under ECHO.

5.2      Cruisers will be divided on the basis of their current ISA Standard ECHO Reference Handicap/ IRC

ECHO Handicap as follows:

Cruisers 0 - Boats at 1.045 to 1.250

Cruisers 1- Boats at 0.980 to 1.044

Cruisers 2- Boats from 0.920 to 0.979

5.3 Boats shall comply with all stipulations and/or conditions relevant to the valid current certificate. (Subject to the right of the organizing authority to allocate a boat to any class.

6. Team Event

A trophy will be presented to the entered team comprised of one boat from each cruiser class, the Sigma33 class and 31.7 class which aggregates the lowest number of points over the series of races under IRC, one design for the Sigma class and 31.7class. Teams should be nominated in writing to the Race Office before commencement of racing. Note: RRS Appendix D (Team Racing Rules) shall not apply.

 

7. Certificates

ECHO handicaps will be advised to DBSC by the relevant rating authority. A copy of the relevant IRC certificate must accompany the entry form. However, it is the entrant's responsibility to ensure that DBSC have the correct handicap available and therefore late changes should be advised to the Hon. Secretary by the boats concerned.

 

8. Responsibility

8.1 The safety of a boat and her crew is the sole and inescapable responsibility of the owner(s) or the owner’s representative whose obligation it is to ensure that the boat is fully sound, seaworthy, manned by an experienced crew and equipped with all the necessary safety gear. Neither this Notice of Race or the Sailing Instructions nor any action of the organizing authority in any way limits or reduces the complete and unlimited responsibility of the owner(s) or owner’s representative.

8.2    Attention is drawn to RRS Fundamental Rule 3 “Acceptance of Rules” and Rule 4 “Decision to race”.

8.3    Boat owners and competing crews shall ensure that they are adequately insured against loss, damage or injury to persons, boats or equipment at all times and however occurring and shall maintain third party insurance cover of not less than one million five thousand EURO (€1,500,000), and shall produce a valid certificate of insurance upon request.

8.4    No responsibility shall be accepted by the organizing authority, its members, servants or agents, nor those officials or members connected with the event for any loss, damage, injury or other claim of whatever nature howsoever arising or caused in connection with participation in, or intended participation in this event.

9. Entries

The entry fee for each boat is  €80.00 Entries shall be made by completing the details on the boat entry form  (overleaf) and forwarding it to the Hon. Secretary, D.P.O'Sullivan, 72, Clonkeen Drive, Foxrock, Dublin 18.  (The form may also be downloaded from the DBSC website). An entry is required from all boats intending to compete, including those already racing in a current DBSC series. The latest date for entries is Monday 22nd rd August. Late entries may be accepted at the discretion of the Committee and on payment of late entry fee of €25.00

Helmsmen and their crews competing in the event will be temporary members of DBSC and  the National Yacht Club for the days of the event. Owners, Helmsmen and their crews will be bound by the rules of the Clubs. The Clubs reserve the right to withdraw such temporary membership. All entries are accepted at the sole discretion of the Committee.

10. Sailing Instructions (May be available www.dbsc.org during August 2011) 

Sailing Instructions may be posted to each entrant, left in entrant’s yacht club or collected from the Race Office before racing. Please indicate on the entry form whether Sailing Instructions are to be posted or to be collected. The Race Office and official notice board will be situated in the National Yacht Club.

11. Berthing

Boats requiring berths on the Marina must register with the Marina Administration Office on Ch. 37A prior to being advised which berth they will be allocated. Overnight berthing is available at normal rates. Berths will be allocated on first come basis. Marina Tel. (01) 2020040./ Fax  (01)2020043.

A limited number of berths may be made available at the National Yacht Club. Please contact the boathouse prior to arrival.

Published in DBSC
Page 5 of 6

Irish Fishing industry 

The Irish Commercial Fishing Industry employs around 11,000 people in fishing, processing and ancillary services such as sales and marketing. The industry is worth about €1.22 billion annually to the Irish economy. Irish fisheries products are exported all over the world as far as Africa, Japan and China.

FAQs

Over 16,000 people are employed directly or indirectly around the coast, working on over 2,000 registered fishing vessels, in over 160 seafood processing businesses and in 278 aquaculture production units, according to the State's sea fisheries development body Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM).

All activities that are concerned with growing, catching, processing or transporting fish are part of the commercial fishing industry, the development of which is overseen by BIM. Recreational fishing, as in angling at sea or inland, is the responsibility of Inland Fisheries Ireland.

The Irish fishing industry is valued at 1.22 billion euro in gross domestic product (GDP), according to 2019 figures issued by BIM. Only 179 of Ireland's 2,000 vessels are over 18 metres in length. Where does Irish commercially caught fish come from? Irish fish and shellfish is caught or cultivated within the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but Irish fishing grounds are part of the common EU "blue" pond. Commercial fishing is regulated under the terms of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983 and with ten-yearly reviews.

The total value of seafood landed into Irish ports was 424 million euro in 2019, according to BIM. High value landings identified in 2019 were haddock, hake, monkfish and megrim. Irish vessels also land into foreign ports, while non-Irish vessels land into Irish ports, principally Castletownbere, Co Cork, and Killybegs, Co Donegal.

There are a number of different methods for catching fish, with technological advances meaning skippers have detailed real time information at their disposal. Fisheries are classified as inshore, midwater, pelagic or deep water. Inshore targets species close to shore and in depths of up to 200 metres, and may include trawling and gillnetting and long-lining. Trawling is regarded as "active", while "passive" or less environmentally harmful fishing methods include use of gill nets, long lines, traps and pots. Pelagic fisheries focus on species which swim close to the surface and up to depths of 200 metres, including migratory mackerel, and tuna, and methods for catching include pair trawling, purse seining, trolling and longlining. Midwater fisheries target species at depths of around 200 metres, using trawling, longlining and jigging. Deepwater fisheries mainly use trawling for species which are found at depths of over 600 metres.

There are several segments for different catching methods in the registered Irish fleet – the largest segment being polyvalent or multi-purpose vessels using several types of gear which may be active and passive. The polyvalent segment ranges from small inshore vessels engaged in netting and potting to medium and larger vessels targeting whitefish, pelagic (herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting) species and bivalve molluscs. The refrigerated seawater (RSW) pelagic segment is engaged mainly in fishing for herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting only. The beam trawling segment focuses on flatfish such as sole and plaice. The aquaculture segment is exclusively for managing, developing and servicing fish farming areas and can collect spat from wild mussel stocks.

The top 20 species landed by value in 2019 were mackerel (78 million euro); Dublin Bay prawn (59 million euro); horse mackerel (17 million euro); monkfish (17 million euro); brown crab (16 million euro); hake (11 million euro); blue whiting (10 million euro); megrim (10 million euro); haddock (9 million euro); tuna (7 million euro); scallop (6 million euro); whelk (5 million euro); whiting (4 million euro); sprat (3 million euro); herring (3 million euro); lobster (2 million euro); turbot (2 million euro); cod (2 million euro); boarfish (2 million euro).

Ireland has approximately 220 million acres of marine territory, rich in marine biodiversity. A marine biodiversity scheme under Ireland's operational programme, which is co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and the Government, aims to reduce the impact of fisheries and aquaculture on the marine environment, including avoidance and reduction of unwanted catch.

EU fisheries ministers hold an annual pre-Christmas council in Brussels to decide on total allowable catches and quotas for the following year. This is based on advice from scientific bodies such as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. In Ireland's case, the State's Marine Institute publishes an annual "stock book" which provides the most up to date stock status and scientific advice on over 60 fish stocks exploited by the Irish fleet. Total allowable catches are supplemented by various technical measures to control effort, such as the size of net mesh for various species.

The west Cork harbour of Castletownbere is Ireland's biggest whitefish port. Killybegs, Co Donegal is the most important port for pelagic (herring, mackerel, blue whiting) landings. Fish are also landed into Dingle, Co Kerry, Rossaveal, Co Galway, Howth, Co Dublin and Dunmore East, Co Waterford, Union Hall, Co Cork, Greencastle, Co Donegal, and Clogherhead, Co Louth. The busiest Northern Irish ports are Portavogie, Ardglass and Kilkeel, Co Down.

Yes, EU quotas are allocated to other fleets within the Irish EEZ, and Ireland has long been a transhipment point for fish caught by the Spanish whitefish fleet in particular. Dingle, Co Kerry has seen an increase in foreign landings, as has Castletownbere. The west Cork port recorded foreign landings of 36 million euro or 48 per cent in 2019, and has long been nicknamed the "peseta" port, due to the presence of Spanish-owned transhipment plant, Eiranova, on Dinish island.

Most fish and shellfish caught or cultivated in Irish waters is for the export market, and this was hit hard from the early stages of this year's Covid-19 pandemic. The EU, Asia and Britain are the main export markets, while the middle Eastern market is also developing and the African market has seen a fall in value and volume, according to figures for 2019 issued by BIM.

Fish was once a penitential food, eaten for religious reasons every Friday. BIM has worked hard over several decades to develop its appeal. Ireland is not like Spain – our land is too good to transform us into a nation of fish eaters, but the obvious health benefits are seeing a growth in demand. Seafood retail sales rose by one per cent in 2019 to 300 million euro. Salmon and cod remain the most popular species, while BIM reports an increase in sales of haddock, trout and the pangasius or freshwater catfish which is cultivated primarily in Vietnam and Cambodia and imported by supermarkets here.

The EU's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983, pooled marine resources – with Ireland having some of the richest grounds and one of the largest sea areas at the time, but only receiving four per cent of allocated catch by a quota system. A system known as the "Hague Preferences" did recognise the need to safeguard the particular needs of regions where local populations are especially dependent on fisheries and related activities. The State's Sea Fisheries Protection Authority, based in Clonakilty, Co Cork, works with the Naval Service on administering the EU CFP. The Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine and Department of Transport regulate licensing and training requirements, while the Marine Survey Office is responsible for the implementation of all national and international legislation in relation to safety of shipping and the prevention of pollution.

Yes, a range of certificates of competency are required for skippers and crew. Training is the remit of BIM, which runs two national fisheries colleges at Greencastle, Co Donegal and Castletownbere, Co Cork. There have been calls for the colleges to be incorporated into the third-level structure of education, with qualifications recognised as such.

Safety is always an issue, in spite of technological improvements, as fishing is a hazardous occupation and climate change is having its impact on the severity of storms at sea. Fishing skippers and crews are required to hold a number of certificates of competency, including safety and navigation, and wearing of personal flotation devices is a legal requirement. Accidents come under the remit of the Marine Casualty Investigation Board, and the Health and Safety Authority. The MCIB does not find fault or blame, but will make recommendations to the Minister for Transport to avoid a recurrence of incidents.

Fish are part of a marine ecosystem and an integral part of the marine food web. Changing climate is having a negative impact on the health of the oceans, and there have been more frequent reports of warmer water species being caught further and further north in Irish waters.

Brexit, Covid 19, EU policies and safety – Britain is a key market for Irish seafood, and 38 per cent of the Irish catch is taken from the waters around its coast. Ireland's top two species – mackerel and prawns - are 60 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, dependent on British waters. Also, there are serious fears within the Irish industry about the impact of EU vessels, should they be expelled from British waters, opting to focus even more efforts on Ireland's rich marine resource. Covid-19 has forced closure of international seafood markets, with high value fish sold to restaurants taking a large hit. A temporary tie-up support scheme for whitefish vessels introduced for the summer of 2020 was condemned by industry organisations as "designed to fail".

Sources: Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Marine Institute, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Department of Transport © Afloat 2020