Menu

Ireland's sailing, boating & maritime magazine

Displaying items by tag: Tom Dolan

(Day Four 1600hrs) - Tom Dolan sailed back to Dun Laoghaire this evening, having completed the Round Ireland speed record course but without breaking any records, as Afloat reported earlier here

He arrived back at the Dun Laoghaire finish line of the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSR) in ideal conditions that unfortunately deserted him for the previous 24 hours.

Light headwinds on the north coast and into the North Channel between Scotland and Northern Ireland left him fighting a strong tide.

He completed the course in a time of 4 days, 11 hours, 54 minutes and 31 seconds. 

Tired, disappointed, but objective, Dolan arrived back at the National Yacht Club.

“We expected light winds in the North because we knew that if we got caught by the weather front that it was going to be light, so we always knew the window was tight. It was all based on staying in front of the front that was coming from the southwest. It was those unexpectedly light winds initially which put us just about 20 miles behind the planned timing at the Fastnet. It was the case of these 20 miles. If it had not been for that, I would have stayed in front of the front. I was watching the weather. But I loved the course, I learned lots, it was great to put miles in the bank, and it’s great training for La Solitaire du Figaro later in the year. And I will be back; it is definitely achievable and a great course.” 

Tom Dolan (right) with his team manager Gerry Jones after the circumnavigation Photo: Romain MarieTom Dolan (right) with his team manager Gerry Jones after the circumnavigation Photo: Colm Doherty

Dolan had agreed with the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC) that he would attempt to break the 'Round Ireland Double-handed less than 40ft record'.

While the WSSC is not recording his voyage as a solo attempt (as Dolan had a journalist onboard), Dolan also sought to set a 'faux record' by attempting to break the Belgian Michel Kleinjan's solo 2005 record time.

The reference times are the 2005 solo record by Kleinjans aboard a Class40: 4 days, 1 hour and 53 minutes and 29 seconds and the doublehanded record set in 2020 by Pamela Lee and Catherine Hunt on a Figaro3 of 3 days, 19 hours, 41 minutes and 39 seconds.

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

(Day four, 0800) Light winds - mostly from ahead - and adverse Spring tides in the most tide-riven part of the unforgiving North Channel, have seen Tom Dolan's clockwise Round Ireland solo/duo challenge evaporate through the night.

By midnight, he was still in the Belfast Lough region southbound for the Kish finish, when the deadline had passed for the Pamela Lee of Greystones & Cat Hunt duo record of October 2020 (also in a Figaro 3) of 3 days 19 hours 41 minutes.

And the Dolan boat still had 57 miles to sail this morning when the time registered solo by Michel Kleinjans of Belgium in an Open 40 in 2005 came and went. Yet the doughty Meath-originating sailor, winner of many events and titles, is determined to sail his circuit completely to the Kish. But although freshening southerlies are expected later today, at 0800 this (Sunday) morning, progress is still very slow with Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan off St John's Point in County Down and making just 3.5 knots over the ground.

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Day 3 (1030hrs) – Ireland's northwest corner, the unspectacular but memorably-named Bloody Foreland in Donegal, lived up to its name all too well for Round Ireland record challenger Tom Dolan in his Figaro 3 Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan at midnight. For although he was well out to sea, shaping his slow progress to take him outside Tory Island, it was when Bloody Foreland was abeam at the midnight hour that he was "overtaken" by the Michael Kleinjans in his Open 40, currently the record-holder of the solo Round Ireland challenge.

Now Kleinjans may have dome the business back in 2005, some eighteen years ago, following which the Irish Coastguard made it clear that solo sailing for long distances in Irish waters contravened regulations. But as far as his French fan base is concerned, Tom is sailing solo as the cameraman recording his challenge is in a non-sailing role. And thus, to further simplify things for that fan base, Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan may have been pre-determined to go round Ireland in a clockwise direction as Kleinjans did, with Dolan's progress on the track chart set against Kleinjans positions in 2005, although in fairness, it should be said that they did study the anti-clockwise option when it came to the day.

The direct Kleinjans challenge was fine and dandy at the Tuskar Rock on Wednesday evening, as Dolan pulled ahead of the comparable Kleinjans 2005 position. And he continued to pull away on the south coast, and on up the west coast until he got to the area off Achill. There, the wheels came off with the wind slackening and going all over the place. Soon, the Ghost of Kleinjans Past came up over the horizon from astern, and by the time Dolan had crawled across Dongel Bay, the Belgian was snapping at his heels and was going so well - relatively speaking - that by Malin's head at 0800 hours this morning, his placing was something like 16 miles ahead.

With light headwinds and the adverse tide starting to run in the North Channel by noon today (Saturday), it doesn't look good for the challenge, but Tom has pulled things out of some very adverse hats before. That said, he still had 178 miles to sail to the Kish as he got himself past Inishtrahull at 10:00 hrs this morning, and those 178 miles include not only the North Channel's notorious, adverse tides but light headwinds too.

Of course, much can happen in the generally volatile weather pattern we've been experiencing for some days, but today looks like being one of the more settled, with even less possibility of a sudden favourable breeze coming out of nowhere. To beat Kleinjans, Tom has to be at the Kish before 04:00 hours tomorrow (Sunday). But to beat the other record which has come rocketing up the agenda, the two-handed three days 19 hours and 41 minutes set in a Figaro 3 by Pam Lee and Cat Hunt in October 2020, he needs to be looking at Dublin Bay around sunset this evening.

Meanwhile, Round Ireland Record aficionados are faced with the possible dumbing-down of their beloved challenge. Because if it becomes accepted that the record is to be set clockwise, an entire bundle of the "knowable unknowables" will be removed from the fascinating strategic and tactical decisions required to take on the Great Conundrum.

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Day Two 0900 - Tom Dolan and his "non-sailing cameraman" aboard the Figaro 3 Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan, in their current multi-interpretation Round Ireland Challenge (is it double or solo?), had a frustrating time out beyond Achill Island early this morning. The unstable wind patterns within the messy low-pressure area, which has dominated Ireland's weather for the last couple of days, saw speeds slowed right back to five knots or less.

With Tom's progress generally so slowed, the circuit they are aiming to beat - Michael Kleinjan's Class 40 solo time of 4 days and 4 hours in 2005 - now sees the trailing Belgian Kleinjans' relative position improving by the hour.

But with the low now moving northwest into the Atlantic, fair winds for the Irish skipper may soon arrive, even though they may prove to be headwinds beyond Malin Head. But with the wind pressure slackening all the time, it may be some time before getting past Malin Head has reached the top of the Dolan agenda.

See tracker below

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Day Two: Meath maestro Tom Dolan's Figaro 3 Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan came past the Blasket Islands northward bound at noon today (Thursday) on his clockwise Round Ireland Solo Record Challenge, making excellent progress
in a brisk easterly wind that should carry him all the way to Ireland's northwest corner of Bloody Foreland, as the course alteration at Erris Head in northwest Mayo may see him getting the benefit of a distinct southeast twist to the wind across Donegal Bay.

Under current and forecast conditions, it rather looks as though, from Bloody Foreland onwards, things will become, well, perfectly bloody. It has been blowing a local easterly gale off Malin Head for some time now, and it seems in no great hurry to move on, though the general volatility of the developing weather in the bigger picture still makes all things possible.

So many factors are now involved in this enduringly fascinating great challenge of Irish sailing that we'll be wallowing in it in obsessive detail in this weekend's Sailing on Saturday. But meanwhile, the remarkable thing is that a north Meath farmer's son who emerged from among the rolling acres near Nobber to have a first sail on Lough Ramor with his Dad aboard a Miracle dinghy bought on eBay should now be a French sailing legend popularly and deservedly known as The Flying Irishman.

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Noted marine climate expert and weather router, Chris Tibbs has commented that the Round Ireland Ireland Record poses one of the most intriguing yet manageable sailing challenges on earth. And it's particularly so when you're doing it in a mono-hull in the 30ft to 40ft size range, when your maximum potential speed is such that you're likely to experience the effect of at least two weather systems coming in from the Atlantic, whereas boats like the multi-hull record holding MOD 70s and the mono-hull Titleist Rambler 88 could do it in the one fell swoop of fairly consistent weather conditions.

With smaller craft, the ideal is an unusually prolonged period of either west-to-northwest winds, or southeast-to-east winds, with a bit of cunning required as to when you're in the different arcs of wind direction. Beyond that, it's generally agreed that any windward work - though it should be as little as possible - is best done on the east coast. And over and above all that, it's generally agreed that the sooner and more crisply you can deal with the long stretch through the North Channel between the South Rock Light and distant Malin Head - in the midst of which the tides are at their most ferocious at Rathlin Island - then the better it is for the overall project.

In looking at this midweek's developing southeast-to-east wind pattern, many seasoned observers had assumed that solo sailor Tom Dolan with his foiling Figaro 3 Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan, would head off today bound northward, to time his arrival at the South Rock in order to maximise the tidal boost all the way to Malin Head in a strengthening fair wind.

"Things don't look good at all for rapid progress from Tory Island back to Dublin Bay"

For sure, a boat like this minimises the effect of tides. But they matter nevertheless, particularly as regards sea state, and being west of Malin Head in minimal time with a prospect of the wind drawing more from the east to favour rapid progress south down the west coast seemed a sensible idea, with the only unknowable being just when he would begin to feel the initially adverse effects of the new weather system bringing in wind from the south.

If he had made good southing going anti-clockwise while the easterlies lasted, he could have been well along the coast of Kerry or even West Cork as the southerly established itself, and that would then give him fair winds all the way back to the Kish. But as it is, although he certainly looks very likely to get to Tory Island extremely quickly, things don't look good at all for rapid progress from there back to Dublin Bay. That's according to wind forecast charts for Friday, though of course he has until 06:00 hrs on Sunday to break the four-day barrier. And despite his initially slow progress off the Wicklow coast, he is now past the Tuskar and already ahead of Michael Kleinjean's established time, so clockwise or widdershins, Round Ireland is as fascinating a challenge as ever.

See the tracker below

Published in Tom Dolan

Day One (start):  Just before dawn on Wednesday, May 3rd 2023, Ireland's leading solo sailor, the French-based Tom Dolan, embarked on his latest adventure to round Ireland in under four days and break the 2020 doublehanded record according to the bid lodged with the World Speed Sailing Record Council. He also in attempting to set a 'faux' solo record.

The 10-day wait is over, and at 04 hours, 27 minutes and 54 seconds, Dolan headed south at 185 degrees for the Tuskar Rock, leaving behind the starting line between Dún Laoghaire harbour and the Kish lighthouse and establishing a new time for the fastest single-handed sailing time around Ireland.

It’s a journey of 700 nautical miles around Ireland and all its islands; his seven-sail boat is capable of hitting speeds of up to 26 knots, or 52km per hour but averaging much less than that, about seven knots.

"The first 24 hours are critical; it will be windy from Tuskar Rock to the Fastnet and beyond"

As the County Meath sailor, whose French rivals refer to him as 'Irlandais volant' or the 'Flying Irishman', approached the start line in upwind mode just after 4 am, conditions at start time were gentle on the Kish Bank, not exactly record-breaking stuff, with only five to eight knots from the south in a flat sea. But, as per the carefully chosen forecast, all that is about to change. Dolan will confront much stronger winds along the south and west coasts of Ireland over the next 48 hours so he can live up to his French billing.

Round Ireland speed record keepers -  Gerry Jones, Tom Dolan's campaign manager (left), and Dublin Bay Sailing Club officials Brian Mathews and Rosemary Roy authenticate the record bid start at the Kish Light on May 23rd at 04 hours, 27 minutes and 54 seconds, IST. Photo: AfloatRound Ireland speed record keepers -  Gerry Jones, Tom Dolan's campaign manager (left), and Dublin Bay Sailing Club officials Brian Mathews and Rosemary Roy authenticate the record bid start at the Kish Light on May 23rd at 04 hours, 27 minutes and 54 seconds, IST. Photo: Afloat

Dolan has been rewarded with a great weather window, winds of 25-30kts around the south of Ireland, but there is a danger that if he drops off the frontal weather system, he could be left with little wind. The fly in the ointment in this circumnavigation may be the North Channel off the Antrim coast which Dolan expects to pass sometime on Friday. He plans to clock up as many miles as possible before then so as to have some 'time in the bank' to negotiate the notoriously tricky final passage down the Irish Sea back to the Kish. 

"The first 24 hours are critical; it will be windy from Tuskar Rock to the Fastnet and beyond, 25 gusting to 30 kts; you will do the whole south coast of Ireland on one gybe, and then the west coast on the other and the seas should be perfectly flat for a lot of the time", Dolan told Afloat before the off.

This morning's record start time was officiated by Irish World Speed Sailing representatives from Dublin Bay Sailing Club, Brian Mathews and Rosemary Roy, who authenticated the record bid at the Kish Light on May 23rd at 04 hours, 27 minutes and 54 seconds, IST.

In order to comply with the rules of Irish maritime affairs prohibiting single-handed sailing for several years, the skipper will be accompanied by a media man, Romain Marie. Under no circumstances will the latter affect the performance of the boat, Dolan claims.

Dolan has agreed with the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC) that he will attempt to break the 'Round Ireland Double-handed less than 40ft record'.

While the WSSC is not recording this as a solo attempt (as Dolan has a journalist onboard), Dolan says he is also seeking to set a 'faux record' by attempting to break the Belgian Michel Kleinjan's solo 2005 record time.

The course is approximately 700 miles long. 

Reference times are the 2005 solo record by Kleinjans aboard a Class40: 4 days, 1 hour and 53 minutes and 29 seconds and the doublehanded record set in 2020 by Pamela Lee and Catherine Hunt on a Figaro3 of 3 days, 19 hours, 41 minutes and 39 seconds.

The record bid has attracted some mainstream media overage with Ian O'Riordan's piece in The Irish Times here

See the tracker below

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Tom Dolan has advised of a 'Code Green' for his Round Ireland Speed Sailing Record attempt from tomorrow morning, meaning a start off Dun Laoghaire within 24 hours.

Based on the latest weather forecast grids, the plan is to start on Wednesday, May 3, around 0600 (exact time to be confirmed) from the Dublin Bay starting line.

The current weather forecast files show the National Yacht Club sailor returning to Dublin on Saturday early morning.

You can follow Tom live using this tracker below and here and read his interview here

Tom will have a cameraman on-board who will not take part in any of the manoeuvres or tactics but will be recording as much of the World Record attempt for a one-hour-long documentary to be aired later in December!

After waiting in Greystones for ten days since his boat Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan arrived from its home in France, Dolan has been rewarded with a great weather window, winds of 25-30kts around the south of Ireland, but there is a danger that if he drops off the frontal weather system he could be left with little wind.

Dolan considers that if things go perfectly, he might be able to go under three days.

“If it is good is could be three days, and if it’s not, it could be six.” Smiles Dolan, “ But it looks good. There is a weather window which, if it works, means I could beat the record by a good bit and if it doesn’t work out, I would not get it by a lot.”

He will have to be on his game, pushing hard from the start line all the way through the first 24 hours of the clockwise circumnavigation.

“The start will be tricky. There is a trough moving south to north and the idea is to be staying with that to get strong SE winds the whole way, or three quarters of the way around. The longer you can stay in front of this front the better it will be.

With 25kts from the SE you can be straight line sailing all the way around to the north of Ireland.”

And while the weather modelling looks good on the westabout routing, the concern is the NE corner of Ireland to the finish line.

“ You don’t really know what we will get between Ireland and Scotland where there are strong tides. If it goes right to the routing, I would still have two days to sail 150 miles which is very, very doable.

The first 24 hours are critical, it will be windy from Tusker Rock to the Fastnet and beyond, 25 gusting to 30kts you will do the whole south coast of Ireland on one gybe and then the west coast on the other and the seas should be perfectly flat for a lot of the time.”

The 688 miles course requires Dolan to average more than 7.2kts. The course distance is very similar to a longer leg of La Solitaire du Figaro – the annual French pinnacle solo race.

“ It will be all about where to set the cursor, as the French say, it is different from racing like in the Solitaire. If it gets hairy around the Fastnet then I will ease back on the small spinnaker, for example and changing sails I will take it slightly easier but nor do you want to drop into cruising mode.

I will have two big spinnakers and two gennakers.” He explains.

He is very much in the zone now after a period of nervous tension on Tuesday,

“I was nervous yesterday, and now I am excited to be going. I am a bit nervous to be going out there on my own, you are pretty isolated in these conditions, 25-30kts under spinnaker. Racing you have boats around you, and it is safer. So it is all about setting the level right.

I won’t get much time sleep, the first 24 hours are really about pushing to stay ahead of that trough, that system, because if you drop off it, it would be hard. I can rest a bit after the SW coast and ahead of the front, but it will be a solid, hard first 24 hours.”

In order to comply with the rules of Irish maritime affairs prohibiting single-handed sailing for several years around Île Verte, the skipper will be accompanied by a media man, Romain Marie. Under no circumstances will the latter affect the performance of the boat, Dolan claims.

Dolan has agreed with the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC) that he will attempt to break the 'Round Ireland Double-handed less than 40ft record'.

While the WSSC is not recording this as a solo attempt (as Dolan has a journalist onboard), Dolan says he is also seeking to set a 'faux record' by attempting to break the Belgian Michel Kleinjan's solo 2005 record time.

The course is approximately 700 miles long. 

Reference times are the 2005 solo record by Kleinjans aboard a Class40: 4 days, 1 hour and 53 minutes and 29 seconds and the doublehanded record set in 2020 by Pamela Lee and Catherine Hunt on a Figaro3 of 3 days, 19 hours, 41 minutes and 39 seconds.

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

Follow Tom Dolan during his Round Ireland Speed record attempt in the live tracker below.

The course is approximately 700 miles long. 

Check out all Afloat's regular Tom Dolan updates on the record bid right here

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under

While his boat Smurfit Kappa-Kingspan has now been berthed at Greystones Harbour, south of Dublin, since Wednesday, Irish solo skipper Tom Dolan will start his 'stand by' period when he is reunited with the Figaro Beneteau 3 this weekend.

Dolan is prepared and ready to go at a moment's notice, just as soon as the best weather window opens to allow him to challenge for a new record time for the 698 nautical miles passage round Ireland. Officially stand-by starts Monday, April 24th.

Over the next five weeks, the skipper of Smurfit Kappa – Kingspan will carefully monitor the weather situation, looking for the best opportunity to set a new mark and break what Dolan refers to as a 'reference time' established in 2005 by the Belgian Michel Kleinjans aboard a Class40: 4 days, 1 hour and 53 minutes and 29 seconds.

Ironically, as luck would have it, last week's conditions would have been perfect. The ideal scenario Dolan says would be "An anticyclone over Scandinavia which would then generate an easterly flow with shifts between the South-East, East and South-East, which would allow me to circumnavigate Ireland on single tacks taking advantage of a more favourable sea on the west side of the island, which is generally quite bumpy otherwise", comments Tom Dolan.

But that is the perfect scenario. The prevailing winds are from the west-southwest, and the course can be sailed in either direction.
"Round Ireland is a fairly complex course, with strong currents and many windy areas", recalls Dolan, who looks at each new weather file carefully in collaboration with his French coach Tanguy Leglatin, of the Lorient Pôle Grande Large; Dolan asserts, "If the window is good, we estimate that it is possible to get round in three and a half days".

It is a "faux solo" attempt

Stand-by codes are in force; Black means no start is possible in less than 96 hours. Red indicates a start could happen between 72 and 96 hours. Orange between 47 and 72 hours. Yellow, between 24 and 48 hours. Green implies a start within 24 hours.

"The boat is less than seven miles from the start line of the record, which is between Dun Laoghaire and the Kish Bank lighthouse, and everything is already ready to go", says Dolan, who likens the challenge to one long stage of La Solitaire du Figaro.

"For this challenge I will carry two gennakers. On the Figaro Bénéteau circuit, the class rule limits the number of sails, which is not the case here," explains Tom, who has also had to double the food rations on board. During the record attempt, he will be accompanied by an onboard reporter. This media man, Frenchman Romain Marie, is not allowed to contribute in any way at all to the performance of the boat but will be present to produce photo and video content, but most importantly, it allows Dolan to comply with Irish maritime regulations, which expressly forbid solo sailing around Ireland imposed after the last record.

"I can't wait, and I want to share this epic with the Irish people", concludes Tom Dolan, whose stand-by period will end, whatever happens, at the end of May before he is due to resume racing in France on the Figaro circuit.

Tom tells you about his motivations, his expectations and his fears concerning this adventure in this youtube below:

See Tom Dolan's Round Ireland tracker below: 

Published in Tom Dolan
Tagged under
Page 6 of 32

Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

©Afloat 2020