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Displaying items by tag: Frostbite

#dmycfrostbite – Winter ought to be over by now and the DMYC Frostbite series has come to the end of its 42nd year. Quite an institution. However, winter doesn't seem to be finished with us quite yet so 25-35 knot winds and temperatures of 2 degC confronted the fleets instead of the hoped-for Spring warmth.

The organisers and sailors left the decisions as long as possible in the hopes of one last race. There was no let up in the conditions and racing was cancelled for the day so the OK Dinghy didn't have to protect its lead in series 2. In any case, conditions at the RSGYC's slipway meant there was no way that the OK Dinghy could be launched. Enough of the easterly swell was reaching the slip to render any attempt at a launch both foolish and potentially dangerous....on that slipway at least.

However, the fleets took advantage of the lousy weather by heading for the DMYC where pints, prizes and Irish Tapas were the order of the day – along with some interesting announcements about the summer sailing.

In the PY fleet there were two sets of results up for grabs; the post-Xmas races in Series 2 and the Overall 2012/13 series.

The results in Series 2 were as follows:

OK Dinghy / Sheehy
GP14 / O'Brien & Sheridan
IDRA14 / Long & Rea

While the overall 2012/13 DMYC Frostbite series results were;

OK Dinghy / Sheehy
IDRA14 / Long & Rea
IDRA14 / Hamilton & Byrne

There was also a quick introductory talk about the activities of the Dún Laoghaire Dinghies team and the soon to be launched "Island Trial". These will be exciting additions to dinghy sailing on Dublin Bay in 2013

Published in Dublin Bay
Tagged under

#fireball – The decision to race the Frostbites on St. Patrick's Day, 17th March, neither attracted a big fleet nor nice weather. The smallest Fireball fleet of the entire series, 9 boats, was greeted by damp grey, flat conditions and no obvious sign of the means to have a race. Getting out of the harbour was an extended exercise in kinetics and some of those who mistimed their departure from shore in the conditions will have been grateful for the postponement enforced on the Race Officer who had nothing to work with at the scheduled start of 14:00.

What little wind that did appear came out of the NE but it was very fickle and at its strongest on the first lap of the initial three lap course. Eight of the nine boats in the fleet worked the middle and left of the course. The exception was Conor Clancy, crewed by James Devlin (150**) who went right off the line. Neil Colin & Margaret Casey (14775) also went right but at a later stage of the first beat. The leaders in the series Noel Butler & Stephen Oram (15061) worked the middle to keep a watching brief on Kenny Rumball who had a guest crew in the form of Shane McCarthy (15058).

Clancy's right side play was rewarded when he rounded first but the second boat was Alistair Court and Gordon Syme (14706) who approached the weather mark on the port layline. Third round were Butler & Oram, followed by Colin & Casey and Rumball/McCarthy. However, at this stage the fleet was in close company and only a few boat lengths separated each of the boats from the one in front of them. The two reaches of the first triangle didn't conjure up any place changes.

On the second beat it was a case of not getting too far removed form your nearest opposition and as a consequence everyone ended up working the middle of the course to varying degrees. At this stage the wind was still reasonable in the context of the day. At the 2nd weather mark the leaders, Clancy/Devlin, Butler/Oram and Court/Syme gybed immediately to head inshore whereas Colin/Casey, Rumball/McCarthy and Louise McKenna and Hermine O'Keeffe (14691) stayed offshore. The second gybe mark was now a tidal challenge as the ebbing tide held the upper hand on the fading wind. It claimed one victim who then retired altogether.

As the leaders approached the leeward mark a shortened course was signalled. Clancy/Devlin and Butler/Oram were having a close quarter battle for the lead and they took slightly different approaches to the finish. Clancy/Devlin took a short hitch before tacking to the finish whereas Butler/Oram did the opposite. This promoted a very tight finish with the winning margin very much less than a boat-length.

42nd Frostbite Series by DMYC: Sunday 17th March 2013

1

Conor Clancy & James Devlin

150**

RStGYC

2

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

DMYC

3

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14775

DMYC

 

The Series 2 points table sees Butler & Oram with a healthy margin over Rumball & Kinsella/Moran who need to be aware of Team Clancy over their shoulders. A quick perusal of the score sheet for Butler & Oram confirms that their worst result in this Series is a 2nd.

 

42nd Frostbite Series, hosted by DMYC: Series 2 Overall.

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

DMYC

9pts

2

Kenny Rumball & Conor Kinsella/Dave Moran

15058

INSC

17pts

3

Conor & James Clancy

150**

RStGYC

19pts

4

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14775

DMYC

29pts

5

Louise McKenna & Hermine O’Keeffe

14691

RStGYC

36pts

6

Gavin Doyle & Dave Sweeney

14953

NYC

54pts

 

The combined Series 1 and Series 2 table was also available yesterday and this promotes the prospect of a last race duel for the outright win as only two points separate 1st and 2nd. Rumball/Kinsella/Moran lead by 2pts from Butler/Oram and neither of them has to worry about the third placed combination, Team Clancy who are 13pts further back. Of course what actually happens on the water is a different story and putting boats between themselves and Rumball will be the prime objective of Butler & Oram. Let’s hope there is wind to make the finale a good one!

 

42nd Frostbite Series hosted by DMYC: Series 1 & 2 Combined.

1

Kenny Rumball & Conor Kinsella/Dave Moran

15058

INSC

17pts

2

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

DMYC

19pts

3

Conor & James Clancy

150**

RStGYC

32pts

4

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14775

DMYC

56pts

5

Louise McKenna & Hermine O’Keeffe

14691

RStGYC

75pts

 

Published in Fireball
Tagged under

#kinsale – Ronan Kenneally received the Laser Standard Trophy, Darragh O'Sullivan – the inaugural ASM Radial Trophy, Richard Thompson – the 4.7 Destiny Trophy and Colm Dunne – the Squib Trophy after the final race day of the ASM-Marine KYC Frostbite League.

The early calm conditions on the final day of the ASM-Marine Frostbite League at Kinsale Yacht Club last Sunday morning did not look promising. With two previous race days cancelled due to an excess of wind it was more in hope than expectation that the Race Committee lead by OD Bruce Mathews decided to take to the race area. Their positive action was soon rewarded as the predicted South-Easterly Force 2 to 3 arrived ensuring a timely start to the final day's programme.

With a top mark laid in close proximity to Kinsale boatyard, and the incoming tide early in its cycle, a windward-leeward course was offered to the four competing classes. As racing progressed, with the South-Easterly variable and backing at times thirty to forty degrees and the flood tide increasingly more affective, the usual critical decision of which side of the beat to favour was complicated by the opposing set of conditions.

Consistency was the foundation once again this year for Ronan Kenneally (MBSC) as the returning Champion retained the Laser Standard title. Never out of the top two in any race and scoring seven wins in total, Ronan's final flourish of a second and two firsts placed him in an unassailable lead at the top of this class. Finishing in second and third overall were Matthias Hellstern (KYC) and James Long (Inniscarra SC) with two seconds and a third and two thirds and a second respectively.
Already clear ahead at the top of the Radial Fleet, an off-form Darragh O'Sullivan still retained his overall title from last year, despite just two fifth places on Sunday. Successful on the day were Ewan O'Keeffe (CSC) who won the first race with Dermot Lyden (BSC/RCYC) and Aisling Keller (LDYC/KYC) sharing the next two races, each scoring a win and a second.

Having led the Laser 4.7 League throughout, Richard Thompson (RCYC/KYC) with a fifth and a third still managed to repel a late challenge from Cliodhna O'Regan (KYC) who took line honours in the last two races of the day. Unable to discard a 'maximum points' scoring, Cliodhna had to settle for second overall. Florence Lyden (BSC) had her best day to date with two seconds.
The conclusion to the 2013 Squib Class League had all the promise of a closely fought contest for the top spot, between two very well matched boats. Neither of the two crews directly involved, nor the few privileged to view the contest could have envisaged the enfolding drama. Colm Dunne and Rob Gill in Allegro (KYC), started the first race holding an advantage overall of just a single point, to Marcus & Meagan Hutchinson in Sensation (KYC). Allegro lost that one point advantage in the first race, only to regain it emphatically in the second, thus ensuring the outcome of the final race would determine the winner. With the overall points scoring always subject to the two discards rule, both crews must have been frantically doing the 'Math' at that stage. Concerned only with the relative position of their immediate opponents and with both crews sailing tactically, Allegro quickly established a winning lead only to surrender this at a top-mark 'port and starboard' incident. Accepting the required penalty, they still managed to collect a fourth place to Sensation's second. However, with Allegro's fourth in this race and Sensation's fifth in the second going to discard, Colm Dunne & Rob Gill emerged as worthy Champions by virtue of that single point. On this occasion, Marcus & Meagan Hutchinson had to settle for second place, while Paul McCarthy & Paul Cotter held onto third place also with an excellent first and a second.

Prize-Giving was hosted by Commodore Cameron Good, who on behalf of Kinsale Yacht Club congratulated the deserving winners and thanked all the sailors for their efforts. Special mention went to PRO Bruce Mathews for his continuing and enthusiastic support for this event. Appreciation was additionally expressed for the support of the various Committee members, the Sponsor and the many helpers who had assisted, both on and off the water, to make this annual and long-standing event such an enjoyable regatta. The Commodore awarded the prizes for each class which were presented by Agnes McLaverty on behalf of ASM-Marine. Ronan Kenneally received the Laser Standard Trophy, Darragh O'Sullivan – the inaugural ASM Radial Trophy, Richard Thompson – the 4.7 Destiny Trophy and Colm Dunne – the Squib Trophy.

Published in Kinsale
Tagged under

#frostbites – Saturday afternoon's wintry showers, which significantly reduced visibility in Dun Laoghaire harbour, gave way to sunshine and blue skies on Sunday morning writes Cormac Bradley. Unfortunately, from a racing perspective, the disappeared snow took the wind with it and we were left with a patchwork quilt of calm areas and small pockets of breeze blowing from every which way within the confines of the harbour.

The lack of motive power for the racing fleets meant that another element of harbour traffic had to be considered in the Race Officer's thoughts on the viability of racing.

Due to the maintenance regime for the ferries that sail out of Dublin and the consequences of damage to one of the berthing facilities in Holyhead, the HSS crossing of the Irish Sea is back operating in Dun Laoghaire. With a scheduled departure that would have coincided with the middle of the racing "window", the absence of wind meant that dinghies could potentially compromise the manoeuvres of the HSS in getting out of the harbour. As the ferries hold the right of way, that was an unacceptable prospect, so racing was abandoned.

So despite glorious sunshine and modest air temperatures, racing was replaced with watching rugby. Don't need to detail the reaction to that exercise!

Published in Fireball

#FROSTBITE – Frank Hamilton and Jennifer Byrne had a great turn of speed in their IDRA 14 dinghy getting on all the tricky harbour shifts and even beating the two RS200s to the finish line last Sunday at the DMYC Frsotbite series. Two Mirror teams had a battle all the way around until a leeward mark tangle with the Laser fleet put some distance between them.

Once more the most impressive sailing was out front with the Emmett and James Ryan and  team showed their heels in the RS400, winning again with some excellent sailing. Results are below to download.

The Fireball race report by Cormac Bradley is here.

Published in Dublin Bay
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#FIREBALL – Fifteen Fireballs took to the water for last Sunday's Frostbite race but only 14 of them got a finish – Andy Boyle & Barry Hurley (14934, Royal Irish) – were recorded as an OCS! Wind conditions were lively with a WSW Force 4/5 blowing with gusts flashing across the course. The start had a boat-end bias for a change and my various correspondents advise that there were a few capsizes on the day. It also appears that people were doing 720º and 360º for rule infringements and mark-touching.

The first three boats over the finish line, Noel Butler & Stephen Oram, Neil Spain & Hugh Butler and Owen Laverty & Ed Butler effectively sailed their own separate race from the rest of the fleet and they enjoyed a race of nip and tuck with places changing between them.

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey finished fourth but behind them a tight bunch were fighting for places. Included in this group were Messrs Rumball & Moran, Malcolm & Diviney, Court & Syme and Miller/Donnelly before the all-lady teams of McKenna & O'Keefe and Power & Barry.

The ladies were well represented today with three all-female teams out on the water, the third being Mary Chambers and Brenda McGuire, who finished thirteenth. Derval O'Carroll was also a welcome returnee to the Frostbites, sailing with Stephen Campion. And our Sligo friends, Peter Armstrong & Matt mayron were also out sailing the all-wooden 15060.

Class stalwart Louis Smyth, sailing with Joe O'Reilly, had a bad day at the office – an early interaction with another boat required a 720º with a capsize thrown in as a "double-whammy". At the first weather mark there was another revolution taken when they hit the mark. "Enough said!"

DMYC Frostbites; Race 4, Series 2, February 5th.

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

DMYC

2

Neil Spain & Hugh Butler

14807

RStGYC

3

Owen Laverty & Ed Butler

14990

RStGYC

4

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14775

DMYC

5

Kenneth Rumball & David Moran

15058

INSC

Mug winners for the day were the ladies of 14691, Louise McKenna & Hermine O'Keefe of the Royal St. George Yacht Club.

In overall terms, Butler & Oram stretched their lead over Rumball/Moran to 5pts, while the latter pair have a comfortable 8pt margin over third placed Laverty/Butler.

DMYC Frostbites; Series 2: Overall

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

DMYC

5

2

Kenneth Rumball & David Moran

INSC

10

3

Owen Laverty & Ed Butler

RStGYC

18

4

Louise McKenna & Hermine O’Keefe

RStGYC

32

5

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

DMYC

35

 


Published in Fireball

After last week’s racing was abandoned due to high winds, a soggy Dun Laoghaire saw the restart of the Frostbite racing yesterday. It rained the entire day and initially there didn’t seem to be enough breeze to warrant a race, despite a forecast that suggested there would be lots of wind.

Twelve Fireball started the race, with one boat recording a DNF, and the wind filled in sufficiently to give a steady breeze though there was very little trapezing and downwind sailing was quite benign!

Messrs Butler/Oram and Rumball/Moran did their usual thing of leading the fleet off the start line with both boats fancying the LHS of the course. Those who went right found themselves off the pace though subsequent beats saw a wider corridor of favourable wind to work one’s way upwind. Neil Colin & Margaret Casey and John Chambers & Hugh Butler were two combinations who didn’t have the best of starts but worked their way left-wards and came into the first weather mark along the port lay-line in “very good nick” to secure places behind the front two. Behind these four there was a chasing group who kept close company with each other – Louise McKenna & Conor Kinsella, Andy Boyle & Conor Clancy, Frank Miller & Grattan Donnelly, Gavin Doyle & Richard Franck, Owen Laverty & Ed Butler and the all ladies team of Cariosa Power & Marie Barry.

This was the running order until the end of the second beat, when the Power & Barry combination dropped a place to Louis Smyth & Cormac Bradley. The latter combination had a poor first beat, even though they had gone left and spent the balance of the race playing “catch-up”.

Doyle/Franck & McKenna/Kinsella were the competing combinations for the day’s mugs, all those ahead of them having won one already and they were in close company for most of the race. Doyle/Frank got ahead during round three and held onto this “mug-winning” slot to the end of the race, shortened to 4 laps. At the front of the fleet it was a bit processional with Butler/Oram winning again from Rumball/Moran. After pulling the iron out of the fire at the end of the first beat, Colin/Casey finished third, while Doyle/Franck climbed to a lofty 4th and were followed home by Boyle/Clancy.

 

DMYC Frostbites; Series 2, Race 3

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

2

Kenny Rumball & David Moran

15058

3

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14755

4

Gavin Doyle & Richard Franck

14765

5

Andy Boyle & Conor Clancy

14934

  

In terms of the overall situation in Series 2, the leading two are separated by a point and have a comfortable advantage over the next placed boat.

 

DMYC Frostbites, Series 2; Overall.

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

4pts

2

Kenny Rumball & David Moran

15058

5pts

3

Owen Laverty & Ed Butler

14990

15pts

4

Louise McKenna & Hermine O’Keefe

14691

23pts

5

Cariosa Power & Marie Barry

14854

26pts

 

Published in Fireball
Tagged under

#KINSALE–Sailing in the annual ASM Marine sponsored Kinsale Yacht Club Frostbite series is underway inside Kinsale Harbour. Brian Carlin captured yestrerday's action (below) in the Squib keelboat and dinghy classes.

The league runs over six Sundays in Late Jaunary and February about sixty sailors will enjoy short sharp races on the Bandon River in underneath Kinsale's famous Charles Fort.

Racing features starts for all singlehanded Laser classes, mixed dinghies and Squibs. Three races are scheduled for each class every weekend. If the full programme is sailed over the six weeks that will see 18 starts for each class.

Entry fees are modest and include mooring and dinghy park space for all competitors.

Published in Racing

#FROSTBITE – The second Dun Laoghaire frostbite race of 2012 was sailed in blustery, breezy and shifty conditions in Dun Laoghaire’s harbour on Sunday 15th January. A very healthy turnout of 17 boats contested a 5 lap race which saw the on the water results transformed by multiple OSC entries on the score sheet posted in DMYC’s clubhouse.

Four transgressors of the starting procedure were caught, including the day’s winners on the water Messrs Neil Spain and Hugh Butler. This left the legal winners on the water as Kenny Rumball and Conor Kinsella, followed home, a boat length later, by Noel Butler and Stephen Oram.  

Alaistair Court & Gordon Syme took third and after two races in this half of the series, these three fill the top three places overall with Rumball/Moran & Butler/Oram tied in 1st place.

Two all-lady combinations sailed the day with Cariosa Power & Marie Barry (Class Treasurer) finishing 6th two spots ahead of Louise McKenna & Hermine O’Keefe. This performance was enough to give Power & barry the day’s mugs which is all the more commendable as they saild a conservative race by keeping the spinnaker in the bag.

Crash gybes, to avoid collisions, caused Frank Cassidy & John Hudson and Owen Laverty & Ed Butler to take a swim on the day, but the latter combination recovered to finish 5th. Noel Butler also reports that the may have been a “T-boning” incident between a Fireball and a RS400 and Luke Malcolm ended up as the walking wounded with a bad gash on his knee after a toe-strap broke, causing him to be thrown into the gunwhale.

All told, an adventurous day on the water in what were somewhat colder conditions that we have had thus far.

 

DMYC Frostbites 2011/12

 

Series 2, Race 2

 

 

Overall

1

Kenneth Rumball & David Moran

15058

INSC

= 1

2

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

15061

DMYC

= 1

3

Alaistair Court & Gordon Syme

14706

DMYC

3rd

4

Neil Colin & Margaret Casey

14775

DMYC

11th

5

Owen Laverty & Ed Butler

14990

RStGYC

4th

 

(Race notes with the assistance of Noel Butler).

Published in Fireball

The second half of DMYC’s Frostbite series was initiated on Sunday, 8th January, when amongst others, 12 Fireballs, contested the first race of Series 2. While they may not have had things entirely their own way on the water at the start, there is a familiarity to the final race results with Messrs Butler & Oram in 1st place and Messrs Rumball & Moran in 2nd.

This scribe was not part of the proceedings but my information is that pre-launch, the wind was getting up to 30knots which put the prospect of racing in severe jeopardy. However, the wind abated and in mildish conditions (10º for January), six rounds were sailed inside Dun Laoghaire’s harbour. With a mean wind direction of 270º, right was the way to go, but I am told that Butler/Oram went left which left them playing catch-up. Rumball/Moran thus played the part of pathfinder ! The wind moderated to about Force 4 for the duration of the race.

The first race of 2012 saw Owen Laverty and Ed Butler make their first appearance in the Frostbites and they were rewarded with 3rd place on the finish which also resulted in them winning the day’s mugs.

DMYC Frostbites, Series 2 : 8th January 2012

1

Noel Butler & Stephen Oram

DMYC - 15061

2

Kenneth Rumball & David Moran

INSC - 15058

3

Owen laverty & Ed Butler

RStGYC - 14990

4

Alaistair Court & Gordon Syme

DMYC - 14706

5

Louis Smyth & Joe O’Reilly

RCH - 15007

Published in Dublin Bay
Tagged under
Page 6 of 7

Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

©Afloat 2020